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一篇文章搞定基于 Django 构建 RESTful 框架[大量用例代码警告]

ccwgpt 2024-09-17 12:42 27 浏览 0 评论

基于Django实现

路由系统

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^users', Users.as_view()),
]

CBV视图

from django.views import View
from django.http import JsonResponse
 
class Users(View):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        result = {
            'status': True,
            'data': 'response data'
        }
        return JsonResponse(result, status=200)
 
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        result = {
            'status': True,
            'data': 'response data'
        }
        return JsonResponse(result, status=200)

基于Django Rest Framework框架实现

基本流程

url.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views.s1_api import TestView
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
 
 
class TestView(APIView):
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        请求到来之后，都要执行dispatch方法，dispatch方法根据请求方式不同触发 get/post/put等方法
         
        注意：APIView中的dispatch方法有好多好多的功能
        """
        return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
 
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
 
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

上述是rest framework框架基本流程，重要的功能是在APIView的dispatch中触发。

认证和授权

用户url传入的token认证

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.viewsimport TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions

token_list = [
    'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
    'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]


class TestAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
        :param request: 
        :return: 
            None,表示跳过该验证；
                如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
                self._authenticator = None
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
                    self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
                else:
                    self.user = None
        
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
                    self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()
                else:
                    self.auth = None
            (user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
            AuthenticationFailed异常
        """
        val = request.query_params.get('token')
        if val not in token_list:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("用户认证失败")

        return ('登录用户', '用户token')

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        """
        Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
        header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
        authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
        """
        # 验证失败时，返回的响应头WWW-Authenticate对应的值
        pass


class TestView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TestAuthentication, ]
    permission_classes = []

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

请求头认证

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.viewsimport TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions

token_list = [
    'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
    'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]


class TestAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
        :param request: 
        :return: 
            None,表示跳过该验证；
                如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
                self._authenticator = None
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
                    self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
                else:
                    self.user = None
        
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
                    self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()
                else:
                    self.auth = None
            (user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
            AuthenticationFailed异常
        """
        import base64
        auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
        if auth:
            auth = auth.encode('utf-8')
        auth = auth.split()
        if not auth or auth[0].lower() != b'basic':
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
        if len(auth) != 2:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
        username, part, password = base64.b64decode(auth[1]).decode('utf-8').partition(':')
        if username == 'alex' and password == '123':
            return ('登录用户', '用户token')
        else:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户名或密码错误')

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        """
        Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
        header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
        authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
        """
        return 'Basic realm=api'


class TestView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TestAuthentication, ]
    permission_classes = []

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

多个认证规则

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views.s2_auth import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions

token_list = [
    'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
    'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]


class Test1Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
        :param request: 
        :return: 
            None,表示跳过该验证；
                如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
                self._authenticator = None
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
                    self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER() # 默认值为：匿名用户
                else:
                    self.user = None

                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
                    self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()# 默认值为：None
                else:
                    self.auth = None
            (user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
            AuthenticationFailed异常
        """
        import base64
        auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
        if auth:
            auth = auth.encode('utf-8')
        else:
            return None
        print(auth,'xxxx')
        auth = auth.split()
        if not auth or auth[0].lower() != b'basic':
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
        if len(auth) != 2:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
        username, part, password = base64.b64decode(auth[1]).decode('utf-8').partition(':')
        if username == 'alex' and password == '123':
            return ('登录用户', '用户token')
        else:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户名或密码错误')

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        """
        Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
        header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
        authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
        """
        # return 'Basic realm=api'
        pass

class Test2Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
        :param request: 
        :return: 
            None,表示跳过该验证；
                如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
                self._authenticator = None
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
                    self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER() # 默认值为：匿名用户
                else:
                    self.user = None
        
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
                    self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()# 默认值为：None
                else:
                    self.auth = None
            (user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
            AuthenticationFailed异常
        """
        val = request.query_params.get('token')
        if val not in token_list:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("用户认证失败")

        return ('登录用户', '用户token')

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        """
        Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
        header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
        authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
        """
        pass


class TestView(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [Test1Authentication, Test2Authentication]
    permission_classes = []

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

认证和权限

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission

from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions

token_list = [
    'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
    'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]


class TestAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
        :param request: 
        :return: 
            None,表示跳过该验证；
                如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
                self._authenticator = None
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
                    self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER() # 默认值为：匿名用户
                else:
                    self.user = None
        
                if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
                    self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()# 默认值为：None
                else:
                    self.auth = None
            (user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
            AuthenticationFailed异常
        """
        val = request.query_params.get('token')
        if val not in token_list:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("用户认证失败")

        return ('登录用户', '用户token')

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        """
        Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
        header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
        authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
        """
        pass


class TestPermission(BasePermission):
    message = "权限验证失败"

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        判断是否有权限访问当前请求
        Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
        :param request: 
        :param view: 
        :return: True有权限；False无权限
        """
        if request.user == "管理员":
            return True

    # GenericAPIView中get_object时调用
    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        """
        视图继承GenericAPIView，并在其中使用get_object时获取对象时，触发单独对象权限验证
        Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
        :param request: 
        :param view: 
        :param obj: 
        :return: True有权限；False无权限
        """
        if request.user == "管理员":
            return True


class TestView(APIView):
    # 认证的动作是由request.user触发
    authentication_classes = [TestAuthentication, ]

    # 权限
    # 循环执行所有的权限
    permission_classes = [TestPermission, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # self.dispatch
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

全局使用

上述操作中均是对单独视图进行特殊配置，如果想要对全局进行配置，则需要在配置文件中写入即可。

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': None,
    'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN': None,
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": [
        "web.utils.TestAuthentication",
    ],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": [
        "web.utils.TestPermission",
    ],
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

class TestView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # self.dispatch
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

用户访问次数/频率限制

基于用户IP限制访问频率

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings

# 保存访问记录
RECORD = {
    '用户IP': [12312139, 12312135, 12312133, ]
}


class TestThrottle(BaseThrottle):
    ctime = time.time

    def get_ident(self, request):
        """
        根据用户IP和代理IP，当做请求者的唯一IP
        Identify the machine making the request by parsing HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
        if present and number of proxies is > 0. If not use all of
        HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR if it is available, if not use REMOTE_ADDR.
        """
        xff = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
        remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        num_proxies = api_settings.NUM_PROXIES

        if num_proxies is not None:
            if num_proxies == 0 or xff is None:
                return remote_addr
            addrs = xff.split(',')
            client_addr = addrs[-min(num_proxies, len(addrs))]
            return client_addr.strip()

        return ''.join(xff.split()) if xff else remote_addr

    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        """
        是否仍然在允许范围内
        Return `True` if the request should be allowed, `False` otherwise.
        :param request: 
        :param view: 
        :return: True，表示可以通过；False表示已超过限制，不允许访问
        """
        # 获取用户唯一标识（如：IP）

        # 允许一分钟访问10次
        num_request = 10
        time_request = 60

        now = self.ctime()
        ident = self.get_ident(request)
        self.ident = ident
        if ident not in RECORD:
            RECORD[ident] = [now, ]
            return True
        history = RECORD[ident]
        while history and history[-1] <= now - time_request:
            history.pop()
        if len(history) < num_request:
            history.insert(0, now)
            return True

    def wait(self):
        """
        多少秒后可以允许继续访问
        Optionally, return a recommended number of seconds to wait before
        the next request.
        """
        last_time = RECORD[self.ident][0]
        now = self.ctime()
        return int(60 + last_time - now)


class TestView(APIView):
    throttle_classes = [TestThrottle, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # self.dispatch
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        """
        访问次数被限制时，定制错误信息
        """

        class Throttled(exceptions.Throttled):
            default_detail = '请求被限制.'
            extra_detail_singular = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
            extra_detail_plural = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'

        raise Throttled(wait)

基于用户IP显示访问频率（利于Django缓存）

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'test_scope': '10/m',
    },
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle


class TestThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):

    # 配置文件定义的显示频率的Key
    scope = "test_scope"

    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        """
        Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
        Must be overridden.

        May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
        """
        if not request.user:
            ident = self.get_ident(request)
        else:
            ident = request.user

        return self.cache_format % {
            'scope': self.scope,
            'ident': ident
        }


class TestView(APIView):
    throttle_classes = [TestThrottle, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # self.dispatch
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        """
        访问次数被限制时，定制错误信息
        """

        class Throttled(exceptions.Throttled):
            default_detail = '请求被限制.'
            extra_detail_singular = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
            extra_detail_plural = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'

        raise Throttled(wait)

view中限制请求频率

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'xxxxxx': '10/m',
    },
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.throttling import ScopedRateThrottle


# 继承 ScopedRateThrottle
class TestThrottle(ScopedRateThrottle):

    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        """
        Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
        Must be overridden.

        May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
        """
        if not request.user:
            ident = self.get_ident(request)
        else:
            ident = request.user

        return self.cache_format % {
            'scope': self.scope,
            'ident': ident
        }


class TestView(APIView):
    throttle_classes = [TestThrottle, ]

    # 在settings中获取 xxxxxx 对应的频率限制值
    throttle_scope = "xxxxxx"

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # self.dispatch
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        """
        访问次数被限制时，定制错误信息
        """

        class Throttled(exceptions.Throttled):
            default_detail = '请求被限制.'
            extra_detail_singular = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
            extra_detail_plural = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'

        raise Throttled(wait)

匿名时用IP限制+登录时用Token限制

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': None,
    'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN': None,
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'luffy_anon': '10/m',
        'luffy_user': '20/m',
    },
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views.s3_throttling import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle


class KumAnonRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    """
    匿名用户，根据IP进行限制
    """
    scope = "kum_anon"

    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        # 用户已登录，则跳过 匿名频率限制
        if request.user:
            return None

        return self.cache_format % {
            'scope': self.scope,
            'ident': self.get_ident(request)
        }


class KumUserRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    """
    登录用户，根据用户token限制
    """
    scope = "kum_user"

    def get_ident(self, request):
        """
        认证成功时：request.user是用户对象；request.auth是token对象
        :param request: 
        :return: 
        """
        # return request.auth.token
        return "user_token"

    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        """
        获取缓存key
        :param request: 
        :param view: 
        :return: 
        """
        # 未登录用户，则跳过 Token限制
        if not request.user:
            return None

        return self.cache_format % {
            'scope': self.scope,
            'ident': self.get_ident(request)
        }


class TestView(APIView):
    throttle_classes = [KumUserRateThrottle,KumAnonRateThrottle, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # self.dispatch
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

全局使用

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [
        'api.utils.throttles.throttles.KumAnonRateThrottle',
        'api.utils.throttles.throttles.KumUserRateThrottle',
    ],
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'anon': '10/day',
        'user': '10/day',
        'luffy_anon': '10/m',
        'luffy_user': '20/m',
    },
}

版本

如：/users?version=v1

settings.py

    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',            # 默认版本
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],   # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'          # URL中获取值的key
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(),name='test'),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning


class TestView(APIView):
    versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # 获取版本
        print(request.version)
        # 获取版本管理的类
        print(request.versioning_scheme)

        # 反向生成URL
        reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
        print(reverse_url)

        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

基于url的正则方式

如：/v1/users/

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',            # 默认版本
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],   # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'          # URL中获取值的key
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning


class TestView(APIView):
    versioning_class = URLPathVersioning

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 获取版本
        print(request.version)
        # 获取版本管理的类
        print(request.versioning_scheme)

        # 反向生成URL
        reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
        print(reverse_url)

        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

于 accept 请求头方式

如：Accept: application/json; version=1.0

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',            # 默认版本
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],   # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'          # URL中获取值的key
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import AcceptHeaderVersioning


class TestView(APIView):
    versioning_class = AcceptHeaderVersioning

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 获取版本 HTTP_ACCEPT头
        print(request.version)
        # 获取版本管理的类
        print(request.versioning_scheme)
        # 反向生成URL
        reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
        print(reverse_url)

        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

基于主机名方法

如：v1.test.com

settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',  # 默认版本
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],  # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'  # URL中获取值的key
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import HostNameVersioning


class TestView(APIView):
    versioning_class = HostNameVersioning

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 获取版本
        print(request.version)
        # 获取版本管理的类
        print(request.versioning_scheme)
        # 反向生成URL
        reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
        print(reverse_url)

        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

基于django路由系统的namespace

如：test.com/v1/users/

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',  # 默认版本
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],  # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'  # URL中获取值的key
}

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^v1/', ([
                      url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
                  ], None, 'v1')),
    url(r'^v2/', ([
                      url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
                  ], None, 'v2')),

]

views.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import NamespaceVersioning


class TestView(APIView):
    versioning_class = NamespaceVersioning

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 获取版本
        print(request.version)
        # 获取版本管理的类
        print(request.versioning_scheme)
        # 反向生成URL
        reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
        print(reverse_url)

        return Response('GET请求，响应内容')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

全局使用

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' 
}

解析器（parser）

根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器就请求体内容进行处理。

仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体

#Django##Python##Python##编程#




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